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King David Hotel bombing
The King David Hotel bombing was a terrorist attack carried out on Monday July 22, 1946 by the militant Zionist underground organization Irgun on the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing〔The Terrorism Ahead: Confronting Transnational Violence in the Twenty-First | By Paul J. Smith | M.E. Sharpe, 10 Sep 2007 | pg 27〕 of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem.〔Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Harvey W. Kushner, Sage, 2003 p.181〕〔(Encyclopædia Britannica ) article on the Irgun Zvai Leumi〕〔The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism, William Roger Louis, Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 430〕 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured.〔Clarke, Thurston. ''By Blood and Fire'', G. P. Puttnam's Sons, New York, 1981〕
The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan.〔〔 The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah (the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine). It was conceived as a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era (1920–1948).〔〔
Disguised as Arabs,〔http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/563863〕 the Irgun planted a bomb in the basement of the main building of the hotel, whose southern wing housed the Mandate Secretariat and a few offices of the British military headquarters. The Irgun sent warnings by telephone, including one to the hotel's own switchboard, which the staff decided to ignore, but none directly to the British authorities.〔 A possible reason why the warning was ignored was that hoax bomb warnings were rife at the time.〔 From the fact that a bomb search had already been carried out, it appears that a hoax call or tip-off had been received at the hotel earlier that day.〔 Subsequent telephone calls from a concerned ''Palestine Post'' staff member and the police caused increasing alarm, and the hotel manager was notified. In the closing minutes before the explosion, he called an unknown British officer, but no evacuation was ordered.〔 The ensuing explosion caused the collapse of the western half of the southern wing of the hotel.〔 Some of the inflicted deaths and injuries occurred in the road outside the hotel and in adjacent buildings.〔 Controversy has arisen over the timing and adequacy of the warnings and the reasons why the hotel was not evacuated.〔
==Background==
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